Single deck blackjack strategy card. 9% in single-deck blackjack. Single deck blackjack strategy card

 
9% in single-deck blackjackSingle deck blackjack strategy card  In other words, trying to card count an eight-deck shoe is largely seen as a waste of your time

You keep the same running count as you would with Hi-Lo, and the formula remains the same! Divide your running count by how many decks are left in the game. 88 and is a level I strategy, meaning that it is quite simple. Blackjack Training Simulator Practice Optimal Strategy. Today, we discuss Blackjack Cards Dealt Face Down, and how to count cards in Blackjack for Single & Double Deck games. Once you’ve placed your bet you. 749%. 50, which adds 1. Single-deck blackjack has a low edge, great casino odds, and favourable rules that allow you to count cards and win big. Single Deck Blackjack Rules. There are also. For card counters, the deeper the penetration, the more profitable the game will be. So we end up with a rule like this “A-2 , A-3; double vs. Your Hand. Cards are dealt face down. The deuces, 3s, 6s and 7s are worth +1, while 4s and 5s are worth +2. Use these single deck blackjack strategy cards at the casinos where this game is available. Now that you know the value of the cards it’s time to count them. Single-deck blackjack charts are valuable tools for gamblers playing the game of blackjack using only one deck of 52 cards. Cards 8, A: 0 Value. 0329%. Basic strategy says DOUBLE A-2 against a 5, but if the count is at all negative, just hit it; double only when the count is 0 or higher. But single deck blackjack has a higher house edge than 8-deck games with 3:2 natural payouts. 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of blackjack side bets; 9: Composition-dependent expected. You gain valuable information about the remaining deck by keeping. Read our basic single-deck blackjack strategy to know when to hit or stand, and use the single-deck blackjack strategy chart to get more winning odds when you. To correctly count cards in blackjack, whether online or at a casino, you must maintain a running total based on the face value of any cards shown. See full list on betandbeat. The few differences between a two-deck and six-deck game with the same rules (dealer hits or stands on soft 17, double after split is allowed, etc. Split 2’s and 3’s vs dealer’s 4-7. The expected outcome is that these two cards will belong to the same suit or be a royal match, that is, a King and a Queen of the same suit. Single deck; Blackjack pays 3-2 (of course) Dealer hits soft 17; Double any first two cards; Double. Number of Players: 2-6. For instance, Single Deck Blackjack may have a house edge of 1. Keep in mind that a casino’s mathematical advantage against you can change, depending on the number of decks they use and the rules of the game they offer. Card counting is a statistical method to get an advantage over the casino while sitting at a blackjack table. The Hi-Lo is a single-level system which is easy to put into practice. This means that the hand does not have to contain an Ace, but it can. Vegas Single Deck Blackjack is a variation developed by Microgaming. Counting cards is most effective with fewer decks in the shoe. In single deck games, hit if the count is +1 or lower. mychoice LOUNGE. Try your best to avoid 6:5, or even worse, blackjack that offers even odds. I organized the table this way to illustrate the effect of the number of decks. If you wager $10 at a 3-to-2 table and got blackjack, you’d get $15 back. Accordingly, while a single deck or a 2 deck game leads to a 0. Having a hand value equal to 21 from the first two cards dealt to the player. Double:House edge of 0. All the 6:5 games permit players to double down on any two cards but not after splitting. The initial running count will start with zero and players will then add or subtract a value based on what cards are in play. You will find the blackjack strategy cards for the type of game you are playing on the following pages: Single deck blackjack; Double deck. With this, ‘ Control Game ,’ the House Edge with Basic Strategy is 0. The peek is in place on both ten-value cards and aces. Appendix 3c :Composition dependent exceptions to single deck basic strategy where the dealer hits a soft 17. BLACKJACK BASIC STRATEGY TEST. No Hole Card: Playing blackjack with no dealer cards face up can change basic strategy. Doubling down is only allowed on hard nine, ten, or 11, and never after splitting in a single deck. Their primary purpose is to help you predict the dealer’s. Here are a couple of rules to follow regarding basic strategy for single-deck blackjack: Do not opt for the insurance bet as it raises the house edge to a high 5. His book contains a strategy for what card to declare the joker as, according to your other card(s), and the dealer’s up card. Blackjack expected Returns for eight decks and dealer stands on soft 17. The only differences to playing 6 deck blackjack versus single deck, double deck, or 8 deck blackjack is the effect the 6 decks has on the house edge and the basic strategy chart you use to play. Playing double deck strategy in a 6 deck game costs 0. Single Deck Strategy Cards. Some critical elements of this strategy include: Always hit on a hard total of 5 to 8. Blackjack Split Rules, Tips, Splitting Chart and FAQ for Successful Playing; Blackjack. Soft Hand – With a Soft Hand, the Ace can be 1 or 11 and players. Learn the correct strategy when playing on a blackjack table with these flashcards. If you wager $10 on a 6-to-5 table, you’d only get $12 back. 9%) because there are fewer 10s. There are three important difference for players to be aware of, it is played with eight decks of cards (Vegas Blackjack uses four), the dealer is required to stand on soft 17, and the game allows for the surrendering of hands. As its name may suggest, Single Deck Blackjack is played on one deck. When compared to a single deck game, the player will have approximately 3. It is shuffled before the beginning of each gaming session. 7 hands. A single-deck countdown is your “speed bag”; try to get through it as quickly as possible while maintaining your accuracy. If you haven’t had the chance to try it yet, now is the time. You’re playing in a single deck blackjack game. The typical blackjack strategy card features a matrix chart with two axes. This guide provides the essential double deck basic strategy charts and pro tips to memorize. 16%: House edge of 0. Here’s the detailed two-deck blackjack cheat sheet: The Dealer Stands on Soft 17. For Single Deck Blackjack with a dealer hitting on soft 17, the house edge is lower than in Double Deck Blackjack with the dealer standing on soft 17. Eight decks – starting count is -16. Level 2 and 3 systems assign more. Additional decks make busts less likely, since one can draw to hands like 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2 (for 18) which are improbable/impossible in single deck. Playing a single-deck game would be best, while an eight-deck game would be worst. According to the basic single deck blackjack strategy, we should always stand if the sum of cards is between 12 and 16. 5, 8 is 0, 9 is -0. For example, if the first ten cards to come out of the shoe were 3, 5, K, 7, Q, A, 8, 5, 4, 2, then the running count would be 1 +1. An 8-deck game paying the full 3:2 on blackjack is far better than a single deck blackjack game paying only 6:5. 5 & 6, otherwise hit. Lesson 3 – Counting Cards, The Basics. Split A’s and 8’s. That’s 4X better odds than 6 or 8 deck games. Standing on a hand that is 21 or lower, while the dealer goes over 21. The web page explains the basic terms, rules and strategy of blackjack, and provides 15 charts to help you choose the best play in different situations. 827% vs. Double down on a hard total of 10 or 11 if the dealer’s upcard is less than your total. 8 decks raise the. It is the only single deck blackjack in downtown Las Vegas. For instance, Single Deck Blackjack may have a house edge of. 46%: House edge of 0. Nevertheless, Ten Count is a good system to use when acclimating yourself to card counting. The table below shows Wizard of Odds's composition dependent exceptions to single-deck blackjack basic strategy, using Boss Media rules. a two. Listed on Oct 8, 2023Celebrity Single Deck Blackjack Rules - From rule card in casino. Since the Red 7 system uses an adjustable starting count, players are not required to run a true count in addition to the running count, which is really what makes this technique so simple. Step 3 – Calculate the True Count. We mentioned that the house edge for blackjack in at around 2%, but with the basic blackjack strategy, you can take it down to 0. We start with a bankroll of $500 at this Blackjack table. Online casinos and land-based gambling halls usually use 6 to 8 decks, however, some casinos will deal single-deck with restrictive rules. Blackjack Strategy Cards. These flashcards will make it easier for you to learn the blackjack strategy card for when you're playing on a single deck, when the dealer hits on soft 17 and there's no surrender. In case you participate in a single-deck game, the potential profit, you could achieve by changing basic strategy plays based on the count with perfect play, could be 66%. The following table shows a simple S17 single-deck game strategy. Your strategy cards for Blackjack I presume is basic strategy for the initial cards (player's first two cards and dealer's up card). The odds of the croupier dealing you a blackjack are 4. 15%, whereas multi-deck games have a house edge of between 0. As long as the count remains above -1, you’ll double; once it goes lower than -1, you’ll just hit — then hopefully leave the table if the count doesn’t improve. Method 2. Single deck blackjack with the following rules: S17, DOA, NoDAS, RS4, NoRSA. Hit on a Soft 17 Surrender Is Not Available. You can flip the tables and enjoy a profit margin or edge of up to 5% when you apply the Hi-Lo card counting system. Hi-Lo. Single Deck Blackjack is played with one deck that’s shuffled after each round. In other words, trying to card count an eight-deck shoe is largely seen as a waste of your time. Having fewer decks in a shoe makes for a lower house edge, making Single Deck Blackjack a highly sought-after version. 00, and the maximum is £200. Blackjack strategy chart ace guide double whenOur simple blackjack strategy chart Free blackjack basic strategy chart 21b « spela online kasino spelBlackjack encyclopedia of casino twenty-one: basic strategy. No Surrender. 008%. Possible hand values lie on the vertical axis while the dealer’s upcard is on the horizontal axis. And unfortunately, quality single-deck blackjack with 3:2 natural payouts are a rarity today. Using the KO / Knock Out System. The probability of getting a natural blackjack (an ace and a ten-value card) is approximately 4. The house edge for 6:5 double deck blackjack can reach over 1. Blackjack Appendix 9 — Six deck, dealer stands on soft 17, no hole card. To make it as simple as possible to count cards, put the cards in the deck into three groups and assign them the following values. Two-deck or double-deck blackjack is one of the most popular variations of this exciting 21-card game. In double-deck blackjack, hit when the count is 0 or lower. Similarly to single-deck games, double-deck blackjack in most casinos pays 6:5, giving the house a greater edge. Standard six-deck Blackjack has a $500 max bet, while double-deck has a $250 max, and single-deck has a $300 max. Other basic strategy rules. 65%. 80%. Many films and TV shows have been made about people winning games by counting cards and lots of players have tried the strategy. This blackjack strategy is based on the fact that, before the game starts, the player determines the size of the smallest and largest bet on one hand. The basic rules of the game are as follows. That’s. 13% and 0. This listing is for one 1 Blackjack Strategy Card for the following game: 4-8 Deck Blackjack, Dealer Stands a Soft 17. Multi-deck blackjack, also known as 4-8 deck blackjack, is the most common way to play blackjack today – with 6-deck being the most popular variant. So, the table gives you a very good idea of how to act in certain situations. A single deck blackjack chart features one deck but two sets of instructions. 16. Blackjack Burnout. The house edge against a basic strategy player zooms to over 1% in a 6-5 single-deck game, making it nearly impossible to beat even with card counting. Card counting gives players an estimate of the high-value and low-value cards already dealt and those that are remaining in the deck. Card Counting is one of the oldest blackjack strategies in the book. The dealer hits on soft 17. Blackjack Basic Strategy for Cryptologic Software. The most common version is a six-pack blackjack. 5% house edge with perfect play. Blackjack Basic Strategy in Brief. Dealer stands on soft 17. The casino has an inherent increased advantage as more decks are used. It is based on mathematical probabilities and is designed to reduce the house edge to as low as 0. It begins before the cards are dealt, which is the point when you have to place your bet. With standard blackjack games, you can surrender your first two cards. Card counting is not the same as memorizing the deck. This is the blackjack cheat sheet single deck. The player can split a hand up to three times. Blackjack Challenge. You can achieve a very low house edge but only if you learn the basic playing strategy. We run through 6 shoes in this blackjack session. Introduction. Basic Blackjack Strategy: How to Play Optimally The first thing you ought to familiarize yourself with is how a blackjack table works. A single deck game that pays out 6:5 increases the house edge to a stunning 1. Split aces get one card only. If the dealer also has a blackjack, the player usually still wins. 5% of all the money you bet, just by playing basic strategy and varying your bets according to the count. g. 92% probability. After that, the dealer will give you and themselves a pair of cards. The most important blackjack rule is simple: beat the dealer’s hand without going over 21. If a player’s running count is high, they have a really good change to get. In Spanish 21, there is the added bonus that you can double down on any hand, even after splitting. In this situation, you will play against the casino where the dealer hits on Soft 17 and uses a single deck. 21 Card Game Explained. Imagine playing with a single deck and knowing that an Ace had been removed. All other rules being equal, the 8-deck game would have a house advantage that’s 0. Strategy Simplicity. Online casinos and land. The first “secret” is that. If a casino offers blackjack with a smaller number of decks and fewer disadvantageous rule changes, then the house edge should be significantly lower than at other casinos. Six decks – starting count is -12. No Hole Card: Playing blackjack with no dealer cards face up can change basic strategy. The theoretical return to the player in this blackjack is 99. Your 12-Point Hand vs. . We are proud to present our second online blackjack trainer with the added ability to assist in learning the art of card counting, this is our first. Single Deck Blackjack Strategy Single Deck games are the Eldorado of Blackjack. Single deck blackjack is usually better than multiple deck blackjack for card counters, basic strategists, and the clueless. Online Casino Games Blackjack Single Deck Last Updated on December 12, 2022 by Chief Editor Jayson Peter Fact checked by Sadonna Price Single Deck. 16 Against a Dealer 10 You might be holding 16 made up of two cards (10+6 or 9+7), three cards (4+5+7), or even more, and it will make a difference on your blackjack casino odds and. I don't suggest simulating playing/counting 8 decks of cards at home as that is just excessive arm tiredness. By applying basic strategy, you can reduce the house edge to 0. The dealer has a higher chance of busting when showing a small card (2 through 6), and a lower chance of busting with a strong card (7 through Ace). Each 3. the Dealer’s 5. Single Deck Blackjack Rules. Preferred Penetration: Typically a 6-deck game that deals 4 out of 6 decks is considered to have “poor penetration”. up to three hands per round with Six-Deck Blackjack. : 5 Card counting works best when a few cards remain. The basic blackjack strategy for hard hands would look like this: Player’s Hand: Dealer’s hand (2-6) Dealer’s hand (7-A) 4-8: Hit: Hit: 9: Double: Hit:. , 10 ♦ 10 ♣). And while the payout is 2:1 for insurance bets, typically, in. Our advanced algorithm allows you to customize different table rules so you. There are two charts depending on whether the dealer hits or stands on soft 17. There are a few small adjustments that you may want to consider if you are playing a blackjack game where the dealer hits on soft 17. 65%. Also, use this move when you have a high hand of 17 or more, while a hit is a suitable choice for a soft 17 or less. 4% probability). *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The theoretical return to the player in this blackjack is 99. Blackjack's house edge is usually around 0. Single deck blackjack games should be your default choice: Card counting is most effective when a single deck is used, and. The Classic Blackjack title at Royal Vegas, for instance, has an expected return of 99. The rules of the single deck variant are. Players are allowed to double down regardless what are their two cards and they can double after a split. You can also re-split aces. However, you can further improve your blackjack strategy single deck. Introduction. Single Deck Hit on a Soft 17 Surrender Is Not Available. If the dealer has less than 21, you win. Blackjack Strategy Card - Large Edition: 4/6/8 Decks, Dealer Stands on All 17s. The number of the deck (s) affects the profitability of each variant, and having only one is incredibly beneficial to the player. 38%. For instructions on how to use these cards see here. When you are ready to test your skills and have some fun, join our #1 blackjack casino site below:. disadvantage over a single deck game with the same rules. Blackjack is an exciting card game in which card-counting techniques are applicable. Basic strategy advises to split in almost every scenario, expect for 5’s and 10’s. The reader is referred to many references for more details (e. 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of blackjack side bets; 9: Composition-dependent expected. 22%. Almost all single and double deck Blac. Basic strategy advises players to stand whenever the dealer’s upcard is a 2, a 7 or an 8. (Opposite if you’re left. The biggest downside to single-deck blackjack is that the house edge is higher, given the smaller number of face cards and 10s in one deck as opposed to multiple. Most blackjack strategy cards here are easy to follow, thanks to the single deck. That means for every $100 you wager, you can expect to win back $99. 86% for multi-deck and single deck blackjack games, respectively. Six decks – house. There are 4 of these single deck blackjack games at the pit and they should be. 4. Keeping track of the cards in multi-deck blackjack is a bit more difficult. 1. These charts slightly vary for optimum performance on a game to game basis. Adding the knowledge of what to do when you or the dealer gets a soft 17 in your blackjack strategy can make you a better player. However, after hitting or splitting the deck composition has changed and the basic strategy may have changed. The rules of this version enforce the dealer to stand on soft 17 and also to peek for Blackjack as there is a hole card. 5 & 6, otherwise hit. Conclusion. If you can find a game with 60% penetration and get away with a 5 to 1 betting spread, it’s fairly easy to obtain a long term winning rate of 1. Single Deck Blackjack. The second round of hands is dealt, and the dealer has an ace face up. This side bet is used in multi-deck blackjack games and is not possible in single-deck games. 5 decks out of 6 before shuffling would be “average penetration”. A standard basic strategy chart can only provide you with the strategy for one set of rules, such as dealer hits on soft 17, limiting your mastery to just one game. Similarly, as single-deck blackjack, if you’re considering a double-deck game, you’ll need to estimate how many cards are drawn before the dealer reshuffles. Your 12-Point Hand vs. So is double-deck blackjack better? Read on to find out. Only the most success at blackjack is going to happen at a 3:2 table. Probably the best choice, if there’s a soft 17 or less, is that you still hit. Basic Strategy Variations. One of the fundamental joys of blackjack – aside from its simplicity to play – is that it has one of the lowest house edges in the casino, meaning your chance of making a profit in a given session is better than other games. ”. The dealer takes cards once the player has their chance or turn. So, the player decides that the minimum bet will be $1, and the maximum bet will be $10. dealer’s 2. Do I have a hand that could be Split, and does the dealer have a hand I should split against?. 66%: Cards are shuffled manually: Cards are shuffled manually: Shuffling machine is used: Fewer double down moves due to less 10s in the deckTo use these basic strategy charts, your hand is displayed along the left y axis (vertical ) and the dealer’s up card along the x axis (top, horizontal). Remember that probabilities and odds are not the. The key to evaluating good single-deck play is how many cards you’ll see before a shuffle. And unfortunately, many casinos have implemented single-deck games with the 6-5 blackjack payoffs. Accordingly, the odds of being dealt blackjack for the player are about 4. Card counting involves keeping a basic running tally of which cards have come out of a shoe so far during a blackjack game. Composition-Dependent Strategy for Single Deck and Dealer Hits on Soft 17; Composition-Dependent Strategy for Double Deck and Dealer Stands on Soft 17. There are 416 cards in the game that you must account for in eight-deck blackjack. i. 3a: Exceptions to single-deck S17 basic strategy; 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of. With blackjack basic strategy, you can almost eliminate the casino advantage when playing with only one deck of cards. The odds of a No Bust, a Standing Hand (17-20) and a. 25% lower than most multideck games. In most games, Single Deck Blackjack house edges are typically 0. Unfortunately a new trend in many casinos is to only pay 6:5 on single deck games. Blackjack Training Simulator Practice Optimal Strategy. If certain cards or sequences appear, players race to slap the pile. This is a strategy that tells you the mathematically best decision to take in any situation and when properly followed, it means that Atlantic City Blackjack has a. 19% respectively). Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks. Our strategy calculator will help with this. El Cortez; Double-deck games. Counting cards is a strategy where players track the relative abundance of high and low-value cards in a deck. Basic strategy advises to split in almost every scenario, expect for 5’s and 10’s. This Blackjack Card Counting method tells the player what cards are predominantly remaining in the deck, High cards or Low cards. 2. The basic strategy is adjusted based on the variant in order to produce the best results. The side nearest to 21 wins—without going over. Dealer's Face-up Card. A single standard deck of 52 cards are shuffled before each hand. This conversion would not be necessary if one plays against a single deck of cards as the running count gives you an accurate. In double-deck blackjack, hit when the count is 0 or lower. Second, the player can predict, whether by death or by. 4 percent edge to the house--more than the usual house edge against the basic strategy of seasoned players in nearly all games. Cards 10, J, Q, K: -2 Points. When you’re dealt a blackjack 21, it’s. Try your best to avoid 6:5, or even worse, blackjack that offers even odds. A single-deck game with h27 and RSA or just h27 has the lowest house edge of any. 46% to 0. Split 7’s vs dealer’s 2-7. An 8-deck game using the exact same rules has. Just remember that many casinos — both online and traditional — frown upon card counting, so it could get you banned from future games. The Vegas Single Deck Blackjack Online Game Overview. High-Low Point Values. Use this information to calculate the count per deck. 4. In this situation, you will play against the casino where the dealer hits on Soft 17 and uses a single deck. The true count is the number that the player arrives at after having kept a running count. So we end up with a rule like this “A-2 , A-3; double vs. Surrender 15, 8’s, and 17 vs. reKO (ridiculously easy KO) is a substantially simplified version. Another “arrow in your quiver. 55%, while this may rise to 1. Since there are fewer cards in play, it is easier to keep track of the card distribution and make informed decisions based on the remaining cards. STRATEGY #11: IN A SINGLE-DECK GAME, ALWAYS DOUBLE DOWN ON 8 AGAINST DEALER’S 5 OR 6 UPCARD. As you can probably guess, this version of blackjack is played with a single deck, or 52 cards, making it easier for players to remember the cards that came out and the ones that are left. It allows gamers to track cards that are left in the deck while playing the blackjack game. The game has a very straightforward betting mechanism. 34%. Based on the odds, there are only a few hands you should play differently with a single deck blackjack strategy. Double-Deck Blackjack. At NetEnt, we offer a few of them in an online variant. Some people choose just to go with the running count in a single deck, but know that the true count is always a little bit different (higher, regardless). Conclusion. Split A’s and 8’s. You can achieve a very low house edge but only if you learn the basic playing strategy. g. Single: House edge of 0. With just three of four left in the shoe, it makes a massive difference. There are some good double-deck blackjack games with a very low house edge against a basic strategy player (as low as 0. Dealer stands on soft 17. Blackjacks are more common in single deck. The dealer hits a soft 17 for the following double-deck games. In most varieties of blackjack, the rules allow playing with 2 to 8 decks of cards, with no joker. Dealer’s Up-CardBlackjack Bust Cards. No surrender. If you have a 12-point hand and the dealer’s up-card is a five, you should hit if the true count is 0 or lower in single deck blackjack games. Double down on soft 18 if dealer up-card is 2. In single deck blackjack every card that is played has a considerable impact on the distribution of the remaining cards. 5% to the house edge; 5 decks will add 0. Keep a “Running Count” based off of the values of the card dealt. Double Deck Blackjack is unique because it only uses two 52-card decks shuffled together to play with. 10GB VIDEO POKER. Proper basic strategy says to double against 5 and 6 and hit it against everything else, so our rule for A-2 is “Double vs. In classic single-deck blackjack, you can expect the house edge to be a mere 0. The fully responsive simulator can be accessed from a desktop or most modern mobile devices, which effectively means – if you have an internet connection – you’ll be able to learn anywhere. If you get 21 points exactly on the deal, that is called a “blackjack. Most blackjack players are likely familiar with multi-deck games, but it’s. For the uninitiated, basic strategy is a set of mathematically correct playing decisions based on the dealer’s exposed card and the player’s starting two-card hand. The only difference listed is surrender but another big difference is how many hands you can split to. 9%) because there are fewer 10s. As a result, there is something called Perfect Blackjack Strategy. The fully responsive simulator can be accessed from a desktop or most modern mobile devices, which effectively means – if you have an internet connection – you’ll be able to learn anywhere. If you have the same card total as the dealer, from 17 and up, you get your bet back in aIn single-deck Blackjack, the dealer must hit a soft 17, unlike other game versions where the dealer must stand. This makes it easier for players to learn and implement optimal strategies. Player may split only once. 15%. I organized the table this way to illustrate the effect of the number of decks.